![]() For many purposes and physical circumstances, the error in direction that results from ignoring the distinction is tolerable in others a mental or instrument compensation, based on assumed knowledge of the applicable declination, can solve all the problems. ![]() The difference between it and true north is called the magnetic declination (or simply the declination where the context is clear). Magnetic north is of interest because it is the direction indicated as north on a properly functioning (but uncorrected) magnetic compass. This means some objects, such as Uranus, rotate in the retrograde direction: when seen from the IAU north, the spin is clockwise. ![]() However, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) defines the geographic north pole of a planet or any of its satellites in the Solar System as the planetary pole that is in the same celestial hemisphere, relative to the invariable plane of the Solar System, as Earth's north pole. On any rotating astronomical object, north often denotes the side appearing to rotate counter-clockwise when viewed from afar along the axis of rotation.The (visual) top edges of maps usually correspond to the northern edge of the area represented, unless explicitly stated otherwise or landmarks are considered more useful for that territory than specific directions.North is used (explicitly or implicitly) to define all other directions.North is specifically the direction that, in Western culture, is considered the fundamental direction: To go north using a compass for navigation, set a bearing or azimuth of 0° or 360°. The Arctic Circle passes through the Arctic Ocean, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, the United States ( Alaska), Canada ( Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut), Denmark ( Greenland) and Iceland (where it passes through the small offshore island of Grímsey).īy convention, the top side of a map is often north. The direction north is quite often associated with colder climates because most of the world's land at high latitudes is located in the Northern Hemisphere. In Hungarian, the word for north is észak, which is derived from éjszaka ("night"), since above the Tropic of Cancer, the Sun never shines from the north, except inside the Arctic Circle during the summer midnight sun. In many languages of Mesoamerica, north also means "up". For example, in Lezgian, kefer can mean both "disbelief" and "north", since to the north of the Muslim Lezgian homeland there are areas formerly inhabited by non-Muslim Caucasian and Turkic peoples. The Greek ἀρκτικός ( arktikós) is named for the same constellation, and is the source of the English word Arctic. Septentrionalis is from septentriones, "the seven plow oxen", a name of Ursa Major. The Latin word borealis comes from the Greek boreas "north wind, north", which, according to Ovid, was personified as the wind-god Boreas, the father of Calais and Zetes. Similarly, the other cardinal directions are also related to the sun's position. The word north is related to the Old High German nord, both descending from the Proto-Indo-European unit * ner-, meaning "left below" as north is to left when facing the rising sun. 5 Roles of east and west as inherently subsidiary directions.
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